MotorCaliber turns three public NHTSA datasets into one number you can act on: the NHTSA Safety Index, a 0 to 100 score of a vehicle's federal crash-test protection plus its confirmed recall and complaint-harm record. It measures crash safety and defect burden. It does not measure reliability, ownership cost, or how long a car lasts, because NHTSA publishes no data on those things.
01The formula
The Index has three parts, computed only from real NHTSA fields:
NHTSA Safety Index = Crash Protection (0 to 70)
+ Avoidance Tech (0 to 10)
+ Defect Record (0 to 20)
Crash Protection, up to 70 points
From the NCAP star ratings: frontal crash (weighted to 25), side crash (weighted to 25), and rollover resistance (weighted to 20). A car rated on only some of these is scored fairly on the tests it actually took, never penalized for a test NHTSA did not run.
Avoidance Tech, up to 10 points
Credit for crash-avoidance equipment NHTSA records as standard: forward collision warning (up to 5), lane departure warning (up to 3), and electronic stability control (up to 2). Optional equipment earns half credit.
Defect Record, up to 20 points
Every vehicle starts at 20 and loses points for confirmed safety defects. A park-outside or do-not-drive recall costs 4 points. Each other vehicle recall costs 1 point, and a software over-the-air fix costs half a point. Separately, complaint severity (reported crashes, fires, injuries, and deaths) can subtract up to 6 points. Raw complaint volume is never subtracted, because popular, high-selling cars naturally collect more complaints and NHTSA gives no sales figure to correct for that.
02A worked example: 2022 Honda Accord
Crash Protection = frontal 5/5, side 5/5, rollover 5/5 = 70
Avoidance Tech = FCW standard, LDW standard, ESC standard = 10
Defect Record = 20 minus 4 recalls (none park-outside)
minus complaint harm = 12
NHTSA Safety Index = 92 (Exceptional)
03Bands
Exceptional 90 to 100, Strong 80 to 89, Average 70 to 79, Below Average 60 to 69, Weak below 60.
04Vehicles we cannot score
NHTSA only crash-tests a few hundred configurations a year. A car it has not crash-tested gets no Index and no stars. We never invent a rating. Those vehicles still get a Safety Record page built from their real recalls and complaints, with a separate Recall and Complaint Burden band (Clean, Light, Moderate, or Heavy) that is not comparable to a crash-tested Safety Index.
05Honesty rules
- We say safety, never reliability. Crash tests, recalls, and complaints are what NHTSA measures.
- Complaint figures are unverified consumer allegations and are labeled as reported or alleged.
- Star ratings are only compared within the same model year and test protocol.
- Every figure is point-in-time and re-verified on our refresh cycle. A recall filed in 2026 can attach to a 2022 car.
Methodology version 1.0. Last revised 2026-07-02.